Surveying instrument.



P. FERRER'. A SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLIUATION FILED 213.27. 1909.

Patented Nov.15,1910.

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P. FERRER. SURVBYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.27, 1909.

Patented N0v.15,1910.

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PHILIP FERBER, OF HOIBOKEN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE KEUFFEL & ESSEB COMPANY, OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led. February 27, 1909. Serial No. 480,404.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP Fnnnnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hoboken, in the county of Hudson and State of NeWJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surveying Instruments, of vwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to surveying instruments and its novelty consists in the construction and adaptation .of the .parts as will be more fully hereinafter pointed out:

The objectA of the invention is to combine in one readily portable instrument facilities for measuring distances, ascertaining vertical angles and bearings, the combined angle, grade and stadia readings being read simultaneously in the same4 field of view. I have therefore, called this instrument a stadia hand transit.

In the drawings Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a preferred form of an instrument embodying my invention mounted on a Jacobs staff, and arranged in a position for taking clinometer readings; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the compass side of the instrument, with part of the outer case broken away to show the means of setting olf the variation and locking the magnetic needle; Fig. 3 is a transverse section on 'the plane of the'line 3-3 in Fig. 2 the level tube beyond the section plane being omitted; Fig. 4 is a perspective detail of the needle locking lever handle; Fig. 5 is a side elevation and partial longitudinal section through the instrument when it is arranged in position for taking compass bearings; Fig. 6 is a transverse section through the clinometer casing approximately on the plane of the line 6-6 in Fig. 7; Fig. 7 is a partial transverse section on the plane of the line 7-7 in Fig. 5, and a plan view of the parts beneath that lane the staff socket being omitted; and Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the field when stadia bearings and the slope and angle are being read from the clinometer scale.. v

In the drawings, 10 is a cylindrical casing made of any suitable size and opaque material and adapted to contain the clinometer scale and its related parts andprovided on one side with .a 'recess to receive the compass and its related parts.

11 is a telescopic tube secured to, or made integral with, the cylindrical casing 10 and slopes and taking compassprovided at its extremity with an eye piece indicated at 12. 13 is a similar telescopic tubevalso secured to, or made integral with,

lthe casing and arranged on the side opposite the eye piece and provided with an objective indicated at 14. This objective is mounted upon a sleeve 15 slidable with respect to the tube 13 whereby the instrument can be focussed. Hinged folding sights indicated at 30 and 31 are arranged on the telescopic tubes.

The casing 10 is provided with a socket thimble 16 internally threaded to receive a socket post 17 whereby it lmay be secured to a J acobs staff indicated at 18, or other form of support. One side of the casing is closed by a plate 19 provided with a socket thimble 20 internally threaded to receive the same socket post 17 whereby the device'may be similarly mounted on the same or another sup ort so that its parts are all at right ang es to the positions they assume when the thirnble 16 is engaged with the socket'17.

On the side of the casing 10 opposite the plate 19 the compass elements are arranged. These comprise a leveling plate 21 provided with two spirit levels indicated at 22 and 23; a raised silvered ring 24 properly graduated', only a few of the coarse graduations being shown in the drawings, provided with a circumferential gear 25 and adapted to be rotated by a capstan head pinion 26 mounted in suitable bearings in the side of the casing, and a needle 27 pivoted in the center of the plate 21 in a usual manner and provided with lock lever 28 having an external handle 29 by the movement of which the needle is lifted from its pivot and locked in position.

Within the casing 10 there is arranged an arcuate clinometer scale indicated at 35 having two series of graduations, one 350 indicating vertical langles to single degrees, and the other 351 indicating slopes in feet per 100 lor in centimeters per meter of the horizontal. This scale is made of translucent or transparent material for instance, Celluloid, and is mounted. on a cylindrical frame 36 provided with a pivot 37 mounted vto oscillate in bearings in a supporting plate 38 arranged transversely of the casing. The

scale frame is provided with a weight ind-icated at 39 and secured to the frame by a pivot 40 and adapted to be adjusted by set screws 41, mounted to rotate in brackets 42 forming part of the frame.

Patented NOV. 15, 1910.

- It is desirable that the scale should be prevented Afrom moving when not in use and for that 4purpose there is provided a locking mechanism which is arranged as follows: A bracket-44 is secured to the plate 33. It is provided with an arm 45 to which 1s se- Cured an upwardly extending post 46 around which is coiled a sprin 47. Hinged at 48 to the bracket 44 4is a s oe 49 pivoted at 50 to an upwardly extending stem 51 terminating in a finger piece 52 arranged outslde of the casing. Arranged across the frame 36 is a'curved strip or band 53 which passes under the shoe 49 and which is normallyvpressed against it by reason of the tension of the spring 47 against the lower end of the stem 51. When the finger piece 52 is depressed the spring 47 is compressed, the shoe 49 is oscillated on its hinge 48 and no longer contacts with the band 53, and the frame 36 under the influence ofgravit oscillates until .the center of gravlty o the frame, which is controlled by the ositionA l 4of the weight'39, is vertically be ow the pivot v37.' Normally the tension of the spring'47 against the lower end of the stem -51 keeps the brake shoe 49 a ainst the band 53 and prevents the scalel rame'v 36 from oscillating. In order to prevent Vthe accidental depression of the finger piece 52 there is provided on the outsideof the case 10 a curved plate 55 beveled .at 56 and adapted to pass under the finger piece 52 to lock it. The beveled part 56 is forked to pass on each side of and under the head of a screw 57 which guides the late and keeps it in lace, and the plate 1s moved by its own er piece 58. he telescope is provided with a central cross hair 60 and two stadia hairs 61 and 62, the latter being made of different thickness or strength from the central cross hair and arranged above and below it. The

vstadia hairs are adjusted to read 1:100.

What I claim as new is i 1. In an instrument of the kind described, the combination with means for viewing a distant object on a limited field, of' a suitably'located centerv wire within the instrument, and a yscale adapted to be optically projected in the same field and graduated to read vertical angles in terms of degrees or slope, and means whereby .there ma be read in the same field an indication o the distance of the object looked at.

2. In an instrument of the kind described, the combination with means forv viewing a distant object on a limited eld, of a suitably located center wire within the instrument, and a scale adapted to be optically projected in the same field and graduated to read vertical angles in terms vof degrees or slope, and means whereby there may be read in the same field 'an indication of the distance of the object looked at, consisting -under the influence of gravity. 4

of stadia wires contained within the instrument. f -v -v 3. Inv an instrument of` the, character`described, a transparent or translucent clinomj eter scale graduated in terms of degrees and 7o slope to read vertical angles, in combination with means for holding it normally rigid and means whereby it may be released when desired and assume a vertical position 4. In an instrument of the character de-v scribed, a trans arent or translucent clinometer scale gra uated terms of degrees and slope to read vertical angles, in combiw nation with a supporting frame on-whichvwso the scale is mounted, means adaptednorfpr mally to lock the Aframe against .movement E and means for unlocking 'the frame. f

5. In an instrument of the character: described, a transparent or translucent clinometer scale graduated in terms of degrees and slope to read Avertical angles, in combi' nation with a supporting framenon which,4 the scale is mounted, comprising a circular' scale supporting member, a weight pivotally and adjustably securedQ thereto and a brake band carried by the frame. A

6. In an instrument of the character described, a transparent or translucent clinometer scale graduated in terms of degrees and .slope to read vertical angles, incombination with a supporting frame von which the scale is mounted, comprising a circular scale supporting member, a weight pivotally and adjustably secured thereto and a brake band, and means whereby the brake band and frame are normally locked against movement.

7. In an instrument of the character described, a transparent or translucent clinometer scale graduated in terms of degrees and slope, to read vertical angles, in combination with a supporting frame on which the scale is mounted, comprising a circular scale supportin member, a weight pivotally and adjustab y secured thereto and a brake band carried bythe frame, and means wherebythe brake band and frameI are normally lockedagainst movement, consisting of a brake shoe yi'eldingly held against the band. 115 .8. In an instrument of the vcharacter described, a transparent or translucent clinometer scale graduated in terms lof degrees and slope to readvertical angles, in combination with a supporting frame on. which the scale is mounted, comprising acircular scale-sup-- porting member, a weight secured thereto and a brake band, and means whereby the brake band and frame 4are normally locked against movement and other means whereby they are unlocked.

9.' In an instrument of the character 'described, a transparent or-translucent clinometer scale graduated in terms of degrees and slope to read vertical angles, in combina- 1.30

tion with c sup orting frame on which the scale is mounte comprising a circular scale supporting member, a Weight secured thereto and u brake band, and means whereby the brake band and frame are normally locked uga-inst movement, consisting of'abrake shoe springl held against the band.. und other means whereby they are unlocked consisting of an externally projecting linger piece adapted to be pressed against the spring to I relieve its tension.

l0. In an instrument of the character described, a transparent or translucent clmometer scale graduated in terms of degrees and slope to read vertical angles, in combination with a supporting frame on Whichthe scale is mounted, comprising a pivotally mounted circular scale supporting member, e weight pivotally mounted secured thereto, weight on its pivot.

Witness my hand.

PHILIP FERBER. 'Witnesses Momus W. LEE, BOWDEWINE B. 'VAN SIGKLE.

and means for circularly adjusting the `20 

